Упражнения на артикли.
Упражнение 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:
1.This is … clock. 2. This is … Kiev. 3. … Kiev is … big city. 4. Mary is … girl. 5. She is … my sister. 6. This is … room. 7. Is … newspaper in … bag? 8. She is in … room. 9. Is … teacher in … classroom? 10. Is … your room large? 11. Is … pen in … bag? 12. Are you … students? 13. My friend has … children. 14. … sportsmen are always in good form. 15. … children we saw in … street are schoolboys. 16. She lives in … 1st street.
Упражнение 2. Прочтите следующие выражения и переведите на русский язык:
A man’s bag, a girl’s doll, the women’s right, the actress’s voice, James’ room, fox’s tricks, boy’s games, students’ songs, Engels’ works, Marx’ letters
Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский:
1.Я знаю брата вашего преподавателя. 2. Это часы моей сестры. 3. Книги отца в его комнате. 4. Я часто прохожу мимо дома нашего тренера. 5. Я часто вижу друзей своего тренера. 6. Откройте окно. 7. Подойдите к окну. 8. Принесите мел, пожалуйста. 9. Прочтите это. 10. Напишите письмо, пожалуйста. 11. Переведите этот текст, пожалуйста. 12. Принесите мне мяч.
Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1.This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? — No, it isn"t my ... pencil, it is ray sister"s ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister"s ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. Is this ... watch? — No, it isn"t ... watch, it"s ... pen. 6. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 7. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 8. Give me ... chair, please. 9. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 10. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it.
Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 2. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 3. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 4. Our ... room is large. 5. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 6. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 7. My ... brother"s ... friend has no ... dog. 8. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 9. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 10. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting.
Упражнение 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice-cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. She bought... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 9. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 10. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister"s ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.
Упражнение 7 . Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no"... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at ... home? — No, he is at ... work. 12. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home.
Упражнение 8. Вставьте артикль , где необходимо .
1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting .. stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin"s ... cat has two ... kittens. ... milk, too. cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like
Упражнение 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I am ... engineer. 2. My ... son is ... pupil. 3. He is ... good ... pupil. 4. This is ... house. 5. This is my ... pencil. 6. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.
Упражнение 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. What"s ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult.
4. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 5. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 6. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 7. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.
Упражнение 11. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
At... beginning of ... 19th century ... little boy was born in ... family of John Dickens, ... clerk at ... office in ... Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had ... sister who was older than himself, arid there were several other children in ... family. When Charles was seven, he was sent to ... school. He was not... strong child. He did not like to play ... cricket or .. football and spent all his free time reading. In 1821 ... family went to ... London and little Charles left behind him ... happiest years of his childhood. His father was in ... money difficulties, and ... family became poorer and poorer. ... boy had to give up his studios. Mr. Dickens was put into ... debtors" prison. Little Charles learned to know all ., horrors and cruelty of ... large capitalist city. He had to go to work at... blacking factory. He worked there from ... morning till ... night. When his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to ... school for some time. Soon he got work as ... clerk. Then he learned ... stenography and became ... reporter; in Parliament. In 1836 at... age of 24 Charles Dick-1 en? published his first book. It was ... collection of ... stories. ... title of ... book was "Sketches by Boz." There were followed by "Pickwick Papers" and "Oliver Twist" and many other famous novels. Charles Dickens is one of ... greatest writers of ... 19th. century. His novels are now translated into most languages of ... world.
Ответы
Ответы - Упражнение 1.
1.This is a clock. 2. This is Kiev. 3. Kiev is a big city. 4. Mary is a girl. 5. She is my sister. 6. This is a room. 7. Is a newspaper in the bag? 8. She is in the room. 9. Is a teacher in the classroom? 10. Is your room large? 11. Is a pen in the bag? 12. Are you students? 13. My friend has the children. 14. The sportsmen are always in good form. 15. The children we saw in the street are schoolboys. 16. She lives in the 1st Street.
Ответы - Упражнение 2.
A man’s bag, a girl’s doll, the women’s right, the actress’s voice, James’ room, fox’s tricks, boy’s games, students’ songs, Engels’ works, Marx’ letters.
Ответы - Упражнение 3.
1.Я знаю брата вашего преподавателя.
I know your teacher’s brother.
2. Это часы моей сестры. This is my sister’s watch.
3. Книги отца в его комнате. Father’s books are in his room.
4. Я часто прохожу мимо дома нашего тренера. I often pass (или go by) our trainer’s house.
5. Я часто вижу друзей своего тренера. I often see my trainer’s friends.
6. Откройте окно. Open the window.
7. Подойдите к окну. Come to the window.
8. Принесите мел, пожалуйста. Bring the chalk, please.
9. Прочтите это. Read it.
10. Напишите письмо, пожалуйста. Write a letter, please.
11. Переведите этот текст, пожалуйста. Translate the text, please.
12. Принесите мне мяч. Bring me the ball.
Ответы - Упражнение 4.
1.This is a book. It is my book. 2. Is this your pencil? — No, it isn"t my pencil, it is my sister"s pencil. 3. I have a sister. My sister is an engineer. My sister"s husband is a doctor. 4. I have no handbag. 5. Is this a watch? — No, it isn"t a watch, it"s a pen. 6. This pen is good, and that pen is bad. 7. I can see a pencil on your table, but I can see no paper. 8. Give me a chair, please. 9. They have a dog and two cats. 10. I have a spoon in my plate, but I have no soup in it.
Ответы - Упражнение 5.
1. This is a tree. The tree is green. 2. I can see three boys. Boys are playing. 3. I have a bicycle. The bicycle is black. My friend has no bicycle. 4. Our room is large. 5. We wrote a dictation yesterday. The dictation was long. 6. She has two daughters and one son. Her son is a pupil. 7. My brother"s friend has no dog. 8. This pencil is broken. Give me that pencil, please. 9. She has a ball. The ball is big. 10. I got a letter from my friend yesterday. The letter was interesting.
Ответы - Упражнение 6.
1. This is a pen. The pen is red. 2. These are pencils. The pencils are black. 3. This is soup. The soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat a sandwich and drink tea. 5. She gave me coffee and a cake. The coffee was hot. The cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ice cream? 7. I see a book in your hand. Is the book interesting? 8. Do you need a camera? 9. He never eats meat, he always eats vegetables, cereals, seeds, fruit, and nuts. He is a vegetarian. 10. This is a pineapple. The pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, apples are good for you! 12. My cousin is upset. He"s got a sore throat. 13. This is cottage cheese. The cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought meat, butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought a cake. The cake was very tasty. We ate the cake with tea. 15. This is my table. On the table I have a book, two pencils, a pen and paper. 16. This is a bag. The bag is brown. It is my sister"s bag. And this is my bag. It is yellow.
Ответы - Упражнение 7.
1.I have two sisters. My sisters are students. 2. We are at home. 3. My brother is not at home, he is at school. 4. My mother is at work. She is a doctor. 5. I am not a doctor. 6. I have no sister. 7. He is not a pilot. 8. I have thirty-two teeth. 9. He has a child. 10. She has two children. Her children are at school. 11. Is your father at home? — No, he is at work. 12. Where is your brother? — He is at home.
Ответы - Упражнение 8.
1. We have a large family. 2. My granny often tells us long interesting stories. 3. My father is an engineer. He works at a factory. The factory is large. 4. My mother is a doctor. She works at a large hospital. She is at work now. 5. My aunt is a teacher. She works at school. The school is good. My aunt is not at school now. She is at home. She is drinking tea and eating jam. The jam is sweet. I am at home, too. I am drinking tea and eating a sandwich. The sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at school. She is a pupil. 7. My cousin has a big black cat. My cousin"s cat has two kittens. The cat likes milk. The kittens like milk, too. 8. I am an engineer. 9. My son is a pupil, 10. He is a good pupil. 11. This is a house. 12. This is my pencil. 13. You have some pencils, but I have no pencil. Give me a pencil, please.
Ответы - Упражнение 9.
1. I am an engineer. 2. My son is a pupil. 3. He is a good pupil. 4. This is a house. 5. This is my pencil. 6. You have some pencils, but I have no pencil. Give me a pencil, please. 7. I like your beautiful flower. Give me the flower, please. 8. My mother is at home. She is reading an interesting book. 9. My father is not at home. He is at work. He is a doctor. He is the good doctor. He works at a hospital. The hospital is large.
Ответы - Упражнение 10.
1. What"s the weather like today? — The weather is fine. 2. The sun is yellow. 3. The sky is grey today. 4. The Earth is a planet. 5. We had an English lesson yesterday. The teacher asked me many questions. The questions were difficult. 6. Where is your brother? — He is at home. He is in his room. He is sitting at the table. He is doing his homework. The homework is difficult. 7. Our cat is sitting on the sofa. 8. It is very dark in the room. Turn on the light, please. 9. Nick went into the bathroom, turned on the water and washed his hands.
Ответы - Упражнение 11.
At the beginning of the 19th century a little boy was born in the family of John Dickens, a clerk at an office in Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had a sister who was older than himself, and there were several other children in the family. When Charles was seven, he was sent to school. He was not a strong child. He did not like to play cricket or football and spent all his free time reading. In 1821 the family went to London, and little Charles left behind him the happiest years of his childhood. His father was in money difficulties, and the family became poorer and poorer. The boy had to give up his studies. Mr. Dickens was put into a debtors" prison. Little Charles learned to know all the horrors and cruelty of a large capitalist city. He had to go to work at a blacking factory. He worked there from morning till night. When his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to school for some time. Soon he got work as a clerk. Then he learned stenography and became a reporter in Parliament. In 1836 at the age of 24 Charles Dickens published his first book. It was a collection of stories. The title of the book was "Sketches by Boz." These were followed by "Pickwick Papers" and "Oliver Twist" and many other famous novels. Charles Dickers is one of the greatest writers of the 19th century. His novels are now translated into most languages of the world.
Разберем в этой статье более конкретно, определенный или неопределенный артикль употреблять с тем или иным существительным, а также, рассмотрим разницу между неопределенными артиклями a
и an.
В предыдущей статье « » мы рассмотрели общие правила употребления артиклей и такие важные понятия как исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные.
Теперь же перейдем к подробностям.
Определенный или неопределенный артикль с существительными в единственном числе
1. Неопределенный артикль A/an
употребляется с существительными или словосочетаниями в единственном числе, когда нужно классифицировать этот предмет, как вид, сделать общее представление о нем, не выделяя его:
a glass
— один (неважно, какой) стакан
a table
— один (какой-то) стол
an interesting book
— одна любая интересная книга
2. Неопределенный артикль A/an употребляется с существительными или словосочетаниями в единственном числе, когда мы его упоминаем впервые.
Какой из неопределенных артиклей применять?
Артикль a
согласного
звука.
Неопределенный артикль an
употребляется перед существительным в единственном числе, когда оно начинается с гласного
звука.
Это одно из тех редких правил в английском языке, в котором нет исключений
. Здесь надо помнить разницу между тем, как слово пишется (spelling
) и произносится. Посмотрите на примеры, обратите внимание на начальные звуки существительных, которые следуют за артиклями:
a b
ook, a t
able, a g
lass, a b
eautiful dog, a h
istoric sculpture (начинаются с согласных звуков)
an a
pple, an i
nteresting thing, an u
gly creature (начинаются с гласных звуков)
a u
kulele, a u
nicorn (начинаются с согласного звука «yoo-«)
a o
ne syllable word (начинается с согласного звука «won…»)
an h
our (начинается с гласного звука «ау..»)
an h
onorable man (начинается с гласного «о..»)
an M
BA («em-bi….»)
an S
SO («es-es-oh»)
Это далеко не все варианты, главное помнить в данном случае не как слово пишется, а как оно произносится. Кстати в разных диалектах слово может звучать по-разному, поэтому и неопределенный артикль может быть разный. Например, Cockney , есть такой очень известный диалект в Лондоне. Они «ленятся» произносить звук h в начале слова, поэтому у них, например a helmet превращается в an ‘elmet . Английский очень музыкальный язык, в нем часто именно по звучанию можно ориентироваться, произнесите несколько раз слово, в котором сомневаетесь и с тем и с другим артиклем и вы услышите правильный вариант.
Определенный артикль the
1. The применяется после первого упоминания, этот артикль делает существительное уникальным, собеседники уже понимают, о каком конкретно предмете или явлении идет речь.
This is a box. The box is red and beautiful.
(Это коробка. Эта коробка красная и красивая.)
We bought a house yesterday. The house is completely huge.
(Вчера мы купили дом. Этот дом просто огромный)
2. The применяется со специальными словами, типа: следующий, верхний, самый верхний, самый лучший и так далее. Они делают существительное уникальным, поэтому уже при первом упоминании можно ставить определенный артикль the. Кстати the произносится как /ðə/ перед согласным звуком, [ði] перед гласным звуком.
This is the most important thing.
(Это самая важная вещь)
Who is the next one?
(Кто следующий)
3. The
можно употреблять даже при первом упоминании, если собеседники однозначно поймут, о каком предмете идет речь.
Допустим, вы говорите о своем чайнике и решили рассказать о его крышке, она уникальна для этого чайника, поэтому можно говорить the lid
сразу при первом упоминании, ясно, что вы говорите о крышке именно этого чайника.
I have a fridge in my kitchen. But the freezer compartment is quite small. (У меня в кухне есть холодильник. Но морозилка в нем довольно маленькая)
Артикль не употребляется — No article (также говорят ‘zero article’)
1. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными в общем смысле
Tables are made of wood (Столы делаются из дерева)
2. Перед множественным числом существительных, опять же когда упоминаем их в общем смысле
I have lots of tables in my house (У меня в доме много столов)
3. Перед именами собственными, большинством стран, названий компаний, городов и штатов:
I live in Russia
— я живу в России
My name is Marina
— меня зовут Марина
Boston is the capital city of the state of Massachusetts
— Бостон является столицей Массачусетса
Gazprom is the largest natural gas supplier
— Газпром является крупнейшим поставщиком природного газа
